The Management of Distance in Distributed-work

Distributed- work has introduced challenges for both employees and managers alike. Maintaining a form of supervision and discipline remains then necessary as control is the ultimate means for the hierarchy to bridge the issue of distance. With regard to the unprecedented changes generated by the significant development of ICTs in organizations, we expressed the necessity to analyze how control is reconsidered within the managerial breakdown introduced by distributed-work. Our theoretical reasoning finally led us to use the works of French philosopher Gilles Deleuze as a basis for a more relevant conceptual framework. Data coming from 49 interviews and 7 days as non-participant observer enabled us to provide evidences for the disruption of management practices due to the reconsideration of control in distributed-work. Both for managers, evolving from a supervisory to a facilitator status, and distributed-workers themselves, whose activities will mainly be directed by the management of their visibility, responsiveness and modulation. Ultimately, this PhD dissertation provides concrete managerial manifestations for Deleuzian societies of control

The Management of Distance in Remote-Work Environments: A Deleuzian Approach

The rising incidence of remote work practices over the last decades has introduced radical changes in organizational practices for managing people. Such environments indeed often lead to challenges that are difficult for both employees and managers to overcome. These difficulties are mostly linked to the management of distance, particularly prominent in remote work – physical, temporal, or cultural distances especially. Although several organizational theories have been used to suggest solutions to these specific issues, little attention has been paid so far to philosophical literature; in this research, we use the work of French philosopher, Gilles Deleuze, to develop a meaningful framework to analyze the management of distance in remote work contexts. This allows us to reconsider and question traditional theories with regard to remote work and global distributed teams, by stressing out manifestations that are significant of the emergence of these specific environments such as the cultural deterritorialization or the formation of more subtle but powerful modalities of control

Supervised learning of soliton X-junctions in lithium niobate films on insulator

In this Letter, the first implementation, to our knowledge, of X-junctions between photorefractive soliton waveguides in lithium niobate-on-insulator (LNOI) films is reported. The experiments were performed on 8 μm thick films of congru- ent undoped LiNbO3. Compared with bulk crystals, the use of films reduces the soliton formation time, allows more con- trol over the interaction between the injected soliton beams, and opens a route to integration with silicon optoelectronics functions. The created X-junction structures show effective supervised learning, directing the signals propagated inside the soliton waveguides into the output channels highlighted by the control assigned by the external supervisor. Thus, the obtained X-junctions have behaviors analogous to biological neurons

High intensity behavior of pyroelectric photorefractive self-focusing in LiNbO3

International audienceThe formation of self-confined beams using pyroelectric effect is numerically and experimentally studied in photorefractive LiNbO3. For a given crystal temperature change, the trapped beam width is shown to be less efficient as intensity is increased. Numerical calculations reveal that the induced refractive-index profile varies along propagation for large intensities due to a nonlinear photovoltaic effect. Moreover, it eventually gives beam splitting for intensities greater than a threshold intensity that depends on LiNbO3 composition

Fast build up of photorefractive spatial solitons in iron doped indium phosphide

Conférence OralInternational audiencePhotorefractive (PR) spatial soliton propagation hints that all optical routing can be achieved through soliton interactions. This requires, however, fast build up and sensitivity to telecommunication wavelengths. We have investigated the build up of infrared (1,06m) photorefractive solitons in iron doped indium phosphide (InP:Fe) and shown that PR self focusing occurs at input powers of hundreds of W and intensities in the range of W/cm2, showing a build up time down to the microsecond

Wave-mixing origin and optimization in single and compact aluminum nanoantennas

The outstanding optical properties for plasmon resonances in noble metal nanoparticles enable the observation of non-linear optical processes such as second-harmonic generation (SHG) at the nanoscale. Here, we investigate the SHG process in single rectangular aluminum nanoantennas and demonstrate that i) a doubly resonant regime can be achieved in very compact nanostructures, yielding a 7.5 enhancement compared to singly resonant structures and ii) the $\chi_{\perp\perp\perp}$ local surface and $\gamma_{bulk}$ nonlocal bulk contributions can be separated while imaging resonant nanostructures excited by a tightly focused beam, provided the $\chi_{\perp\parallel\parallel}$ local surface is assumed to be zero, as it is the case in all existing models for metals. Thanks to the quantitative agreement between experimental and simulated far-field SHG maps, taking into account the real experimental configuration (focusing and substrate), we identify the physical origin of the SHG in aluminum nanoantennas as arising mainly from $\chi_{\perp\perp\perp}$ local surface sources

Lithium niobate micromachining for the fabrication of microfluidic droplet generators

In this paper, we present the first microfluidic junctions for droplet generation directly engraved on lithium niobate crystals by micromachining techniques, preparatory to a fully integrated opto-microfluidics lab-on-chip system. In particular, laser ablation technique and the mechanical micromachining technique are exploited to realise microfluidic channels in T-and cross junction configurations. The quality of both lateral and bottom surfaces of the channels are therefore compared together with a detailed study of their roughness measured by means of atomic force microscopy in order to evaluate the final performance achievable in an optofluidic device. Finally, the microfluidics performances of these water-in-oil droplets generators are investigated depending on these micromachining techniques, with particular focus on a wide range of droplet generation rates

LiNbO3 ridge waveguides realized by precision dicing on silicon for high efficiency second harmonic generation

Nonlinear periodically poled ridge LiNbO3 waveguides have been fabricated on silicon substrates. Components are carved with only use of a precision dicing machine without need for grinding or polishing steps. They show efficient second harmonic generation at telecommunication wavelengths with normalized conversion reaching 204%/W in a 15 mm long device. Influence of geometrical non uniformities of waveguides due to fabrication process is asserted. Components characteristics are studied notably their robustness and tunability versus temperature.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figure